載入中...
相關課程

登入觀看
⇐ Use this menu to view and help create subtitles for this video in many different languages.
You'll probably want to hide YouTube's captions if using these subtitles.
Development of Agriculture and Writing : The Paleolithic and Neolithic eras of the Stone Age.
相關課程
0 / 750
- In this video I'm gonna use words like
- eras, periods, and ages to refer to segments of time
- in the human or in the pre-human past
- What I wann clarify, right from the get-go
- cause thats something that's confused me in the past
- archaeologists will refer to eras periods and ages
- in the human past, and they usually refer to
- periods of 10'000 of years or 1'000 of years
- but these are differents eras periods and ages
- than the ones that geologists would refer to when they are talking
- about geological time.
- In geological time ERA means several hundred millions of years
- periods and ages mean millions of years
- when an archaeologists, when we are studying the human past
- they are just generally talking about the long segments of human time
- but not in the millions of years, usually in the thousands or
- ten thousands of years.
- So what I wanna do, with that out of the way
- is talk about what has happened in the distant human past
- or the distant pre-human past, and also
- touch on some of the classifications
- for these segments of time,
- because they actually tell us
- 4 interesting developments that happened to humanity
- over the 200000 years that homo sapiens have been on this planet
- or that we believe that homo sapiens have been on this planet
- So the longest period of time in the human past
- or the category of human time and there are different ways
- we can categorize. It is the Paleolithic era right over here.
- and what really makes that period of time
- So this begins even at pre-history or pre-human history
- before homo sapiens even existed
- you have the bigging of the Paleolithic era
- that really begann with the development of stone tools
- And as we learned in the video on Human Evolution
- there were pre homo sapiens species that were using
- stone tools.]
- So the Paleolithic Era is really kinda signified
- by 1: the stone tools,
- but even more that either the pre-humans
- or once you go about 200'000 years ago
- the humans showd-up is kinda distinguished by
- The humans being hunter-gatherers.
- Which essentially mean, to survive
- we used to walk around a lot, you know,
- if we couldn't see something obvious to hunt,
- maybe a wooly mamoth or something
- If we didn't see something obvious to hunt
- we would look around for snails or mushrooms or
- whatever else, and that how we would survive
- that how we would live
- And because we were constantly adapting to our
- environment based on the seasons, we would be maybe following
- animals as they migrated, hunter-gatheres were
- fundamentally nomadic, which essentially, which means
- that they never settled in one place for a long time
- they were always ready to kind of pick up,
- probably their tents, and follow the herd,
- or follow whatever animals they were hunting, or
- follow the seasons so that they could go to
- warmer climates maybe where there is more likely
- to find something in the ground to eat maybe during the winter
- Who knows?
- So the paleolithic era is really distinguished
- by that huge swash? of time in human history
- and it doesn't come to an end
- until you get to the advent of FARMING.
- So the Paleolithic Era, we are literally talking
- about over 2 mi years ago, it's when it starts,
- before Homo sapiens even existed as a species
- and it goes all the way to the advent of farming
- that we believe,
- 1st came about around 11'000 to 7000 years ago
- And this abreviating right here, this BP
- This does not stand for Brithish Petroleum,
- it stands for "Before Present", or before the present time
- so, one more acronym to kind of have in your toolkit
- when you see things
- And obviously, if we are 11000 years before the present
- that's the same thing as 9000 before Christ,
- or before the common era
- because Christ was, we believe, born 2000 years ago
- Now, it may or may not be obvious to you,
- but the advent of agriculture is a SUPER big deal.
- Argueably the biggest deal in the development of
- human civilization. Or in all of the human history!
- And you might say,
- "Hey, what's the big deal about agriculture?"
- These characters over here look pretty happy,
- they are able to walk around a lot, they are able to hunt
- What's the big deal of all of the sudden people
- plowing fields and domesticating cattle
- and having chickens to lay eggs
- and whateverelse
- and the big deal about that, besides the fact
- that it would change peoples diet,
- is that for the 1st time
- it allowed them to NOT be nomadic,
- it allowed them to, and you could've probably had
- some hunters who were somewhat settled,
- maybe living near the ocean, fishing and all the rest
- but for the most part,
- the development of agriculture,
- it forced people to stay in one place
- so you have the paleolithic era,
- all the way to the advent of agriculture
- which was about 11'000 ~ 7'000 years ago
- and beside the fact that it changed people's diet
- it allowed them to settle.
- So agriculture allowed human being to settle down in one area
- It wasn't just that they were settling in one area
- but because they were able to control their enviroment
- the were able to increase the density of things
- of crops that humans could consume,
- of animals that human could consume
- and lower the density of crops that humans can't consume
- and animals that humans can't consume,
- or that they don't want around,
- like pests of some type.
- What it allowed them to do is also settle
- in more dense environments.
- You can imagine,
- when you just have people walking around
- you need a lot of land to support
- even the calory requirements of 1 human being.