Plate Tectonics-- Geological features of Convergent Plate Boundaries

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Plate Tectonics-- Geological features of Convergent Plate Boundaries : Geological features of Convergent Plate Boundaries

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We've already talked a lot about plate boundaries
Where essentially new crust material has been created and the plates are actually moving apart
we call these divergent boundaries, and the example we showed of this was the mid-atlantic ridge
Where essentially new crustal material is being created
the other side of the equation you have areas where plates are ramming into each other
we see that over here where the nazca plate is running into the south american plate
we see it over here where the pacific plate is running into the phillipino plate- they're running into each other
so what happens over there? so what we're gonna do is just go through the different scenarios.
the general idea is that one plate is going to get subducted under another
they're ramming into each other one is going to get essentially pushed under the other one
this diagram shows some subduction over here
this is essentially an oceanic plate being subducted under another oceanic plate
so not too different than what might happen when the pacific plate runs into the filipino plate
right over here, then on this side of the diagram
we see an oceanic plate and the oceanic plate getting subducted under a continental plate, right over here
and this is what's happening when the nazca plate is getting subducted under the south american plate
and when that happens you have a couple of things
so you have the oceanic plate being pushed under
and what happens at the same time the continental plate gets pushed upwards causing mountain ranges like the andes
and that's exactly what causes- what has created the andes
it's the upward force from the nazca plate being pushed under the south american plate at that coast line
and what you're also going to see is, and if you can imagine you have these huge plates grinding past each other
it's not a very smooth process, every now and then you reach a breaking point where hug amount of energy
get released so you're also going to see a lot of earthquakes in those areas
and we know that chile has a lot of earthquakes
and then on top of that, this is going to result in a lot of heat
and a lot of friction of the plates grinding past each other
essentially allowing magma to form at that part of the rock
and it's getting so heated that you'll also have volcanoes in these areas
where essentially something is being subducted underneath a continental plate
now we also talked about what's happening in the pacific
where we have the pacific plate being subducted under the filipino plate
that's what we keep referring to over here
and that's doing a couple of interesting things
so whenever so have subduction you have trenches
but it's most interesting - or at least in my mind
the deepest trenches have been created where you have an oceanic plate being subducted under another oceanic plate
so a couple of things are going to happen
you're going to have deep trenches form
you're going to have a trench form
over here you see in this diagram we also have a trench
and the first example
but you have trenches form where one oceanic plate is being subducted under another
and then you have that same type of friction that you saw over here create volcanoes
and those volcanoes will initially be under water volcanoes
so if these are both oceanic plates, or we're dealing with oceanic crusts
at that point of the plate it doesn't have to be entirely and oceanic plate
and there'll first be underwater volcanoes
but as the lave piles up and hardens
it'll eventually turn into a group of islands
and we've had that happening where the pacific plate runs into the filipino plate
and first we have the trench
let me just draw everything right here
so, this is the boundary, roughly, roughly speaking
this is the boundary between the two plates
the pacific plate and the filipino plate right over here
and where it's being subducted you have the mariana trench
which is the deepest trench in the world!
it goes down eleven kilometres- eleven thousand metres!
that's deeper than mount everest is high
mt everest is about nine thousand metres high
and we'll see that's also due to another convergent plate boundary
another plate boundary where plates are running into each other
so not only do you see the mariana trench here
because one plate is being subducted under the other